low hematocrit and hemoglobin confirming anemia icd 10

#Low hematocrit and hemoglobin confirming anemia icd 10 full

A community survey among COPD patients found the prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin < 13 g/dL) to be 7.5%. Findings from recent studies that investigated the prevalence of anemia indicate varying results. This has led to a lack of consensus to determine the prevalence of anemia in patients with COPD. Therefore, clinical surveys and studies utilize different anemia definitions when defining anemic and non-anemic COPD patients. 15 In patients with COPD there is no specific hemoglobin concentration level as a cutoff score to determine which is clinically meaningful. The World Health Organization defines anemia in the general population as hemoglobin concentration < 13.0 g/dL in men and < 12.0 g/dL in women, 14 a definition appropriate for older persons. 12 The exact cause of these comorbidities is currently unknown however, recent research indicates that systemic inflammation is associated with their development. 3, 10 Moreover, mood disorders (anxiety and depression) are common in patients with COPD and associate as risk factors for premature death. 7, 9, 10, 11 It may, therefore, not be surprising to find that one third to fifty percent of deaths in COPD patients are attributable to factors (eg, comorbidities) other than COPD. Some of the common comorbidities that contribute to the increased risk associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD include cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, and anemia.

#Low hematocrit and hemoglobin confirming anemia icd 10 full

This, however, may represent merely the tip of the iceberg, as the full extent of the disease's financial burden is unknown. Of this, the direct medical cost to COPD was $29.5 billion and the indirect costs (eg, earning lost because of absence from work, morbidity and mortality related costs) was $20.4 billon. In the United States in 2010, 8 the total cost of COPD management was estimated $49.9 billion. 6 Studies have shown an exponential rise of healthcare utilization and associated financial burden, along with an increased rate of mortality among COPD patients, all of which are projected to increase in the next two decades. 2, 3 Currently, COPD is the third leading cause of death in Europe 4, 5 and is ranked as the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. 1 The disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in old age, and accounts for the greatest proportion of mortality of all respiratory diseases.

Robust and prospective clinical studies are needed to improve the management of COPD patients with comorbid anemia.ĬOPD is a disease characterized by severe incurable air-flow limitation and reduced functional capacity, associated with multiple comorbidities and markers of systemic inflammation. Based on the findings from the existing literature, more work is necessary to establish the true prevalence of anemia in COPD. There is a lack of consensus agreement regarding this hematological abnormality's true frequency. The true prevalence of anemia in patients with COPD is unknown. Moreover, anemia in patients with COPD is an independent prognostic predictor of premature mortality and a greater likelihood of hospitalization. Comorbid anemia in patients with COPD was associated with greater healthcare resource utilization, impaired quality of life, older age, and male gender. The prevalence of comorbid anemia in patients with COPD ranges from 7.5% to 34%, depending upon the populations selected and diagnostic tools employed to determine the level of hemoglobin. We conducted a systematic review and synthesis of the literature (1966 to March 2010). However, little is known regarding the prevalence of comorbid anemia and its impact on quality of life, healthcare utilization, and mortality in patients with COPD. Anemia is common in patients with chronic diseases.